Limited liability company
有限义务公司是独立的企业法人，其具备的法人企业的一系列优点。，有限公司具有民事权益才干和民事行为才干，依法独立享有民事权益和承担民事义务；其次，有限公司对外承担民事义务的范围是其一切的全部财富，不会触及牵连到股东的个人财富；再次，有限公司的股东以其认缴的出资额为限对公司承担义务。
Limited liability company is an independent corporate entity, which has a series of advantages. Firstly, the limited company has the ability of civil rights and interests and civil acts, enjoying civil rights and obligations independently according to law; secondly, the scope of the civil obligations of the limited company to the outside world is all its wealth, which will not touch on the personal wealth of shareholders; thirdly, the shareholders of the limited company assume obligations to the company within the limit of their subscribed capital contributions.
一人有限公司
One-man Company Limited
1.一人公司的优点
1. Advantages of one-man company
从一人公司的制度设置上看，“一人公司”组织结构简单，既不存在股东大会和董事会，只需一个股东，一切者与运营者合一，也不存在代理本钱，更不存在一切者与运营者目的函数的差异，决策疾速灵活，能够对付复杂多变的市场需求。其具有内部结构简单，运营机制灵活，运转效率高等无法被取代的优点。
From the point of view of one-person company's system setting, the organizational structure of "one-person company" is simple. There is no shareholders'meeting and board of directors, only one shareholder, all the owners and operators are in one, and there is no agency cost, and there is no difference between the purpose function of all the owners and operators. The decision-making is fast and flexible, and it can cope with complex and changeable market demands. It has the advantages of simple internal structure, flexible operation mechanism and high operation efficiency that can not be replaced.
2.一人公司的弊端
2. The drawbacks of one-man company
一人公司有其存在的根基和重要的价值，但同时它的弊端也是显而易见的。
One-man company has its foundation and important value, but at the same time its drawbacks are obvious.
（1）股东权益缺乏约束
(1) Lack of restraint on shareholders'rights and interests
“一人公司”中只需一个股东，一切者与运营者集于一身，不可能设立股东大会和董事会。投资者有的权威，在公司内部不存在对其行为的有效约束，缺乏机构之间的制衡，一人股东全部控制公司的运营权、决策权、人事权，公司在严重事项的决策上不实行必要的程序或必要的记载。
There is only one shareholder in a "one-person company", and it is impossible to set up a general meeting of shareholders and a board of directors. Investors have absolute authority, there is no effective restraint on their behavior within the company, lack of checks and balances between institutions, one shareholder controls the operation, decision-making and personnel rights of the company, and the company does not implement necessary procedures or necessary records in the decision-making of serious matters.
（2）股东权益缺乏约束带来的系列弊病
(2) A series of drawbacks caused by the lack of restraint on shareholders'rights and interests
由于一人公司特殊的股东构成，股东权益缺乏相对严厉的约束与限制，一人股东可以“为所欲为”地混杂公司财富和股东财富，将公司财富用作私用，给自己支付巨额报酬，同公司中止自我买卖，以公司的名义为自己担保或借贷，以致行狡诈之事逃避法定义务、契约义务或侵权义务等。
Because of the special shareholder composition of one-person company and the lack of relatively strict restrictions and restrictions on shareholder's rights and interests, one-person shareholder can mix company's wealth and shareholder's wealth at will, use company's wealth for private use, pay huge remuneration to oneself, suspend self-trading with the company, guarantee or borrow for oneself in the name of the company, so as to evade legal obligations and deeds by doing tricky things. Obligations of contract or tort, etc.
（3）一人公司让债权人或相对人承担更大大的风险
(3) A one-person company allows creditors or counterparts to take greater risks
上述诸多的混杂已使公司的相对人难以搞清与之买卖的对象是公司还是股东个人，而在有限义务的庇护下，即使公司财富名存实亡，一人股东仍可躲藏在公司面纱的背后而不受公司债权人或其他相对人的清查，使公司债权人或相对人承担过大的风险。
The above-mentioned confusion has made it difficult for the company's counterparts to know whether they are buying or selling to the company or individual shareholders. Under the protection of limited obligations, even if the company's wealth is in existence, one shareholder can hide behind the corporate veil without being checked by the company's creditors or other counterparts, which makes the company's creditors or counterparts bear too much risk.
（4）一人公司的股东自身的风险。
(4) The shareholders'own risk of one-person company.
对一人公司来说，除让公司债权人或相对人承担较大的风险外，其股东自身也存在不小的法律风险。《公司法》第六十三条规则：“一人有限义务公司的股东不能证明公司财富独立于股东自己的财富的，应当对公司债务承担连带义务。”这无疑加强了对一人股东的恳求与限制，一旦一人股东无法证明公司财富独立与自己的财富，就会被恳求对公司的债务承担连带义务，原本收到维护的股东有限义务被打破。
For a one-person company, besides letting creditors or counterparts bear greater risks, its shareholders themselves also have considerable legal risks. Article 63 of the Company Law stipulates: "If the shareholders of a one-person limited liability company cannot prove that the company's wealth is independent of the shareholders'own wealth, they shall bear joint and several obligations to the company's debts." This undoubtedly strengthens the appeal and restriction to one-person shareholders. Once one-person shareholders can not prove the independence of company wealth and their own wealth, they will be pleaded to assume joint and several obligations to the debts of the company, and the limited obligations of shareholders originally received and maintained will be broken.
合伙企业
Partnership enterprise
合伙企业和多股东的公司相比，合伙企业的设立没有公司制企业设立的繁琐，且合伙人之间可以用于协作出资的筹码更多，可以更好的吸收创业同伴。比如管理阅历、技术优势、人脉资源、客户订单等等都可以作为软性资源投资，而这些软性投资在设立公司制企业时不好评价入股、难以在财务报表中反映，但是在合伙企业里，却很益处理，只需合伙人之间经过合伙协议商定，就没有法律上的障碍。但是，合伙企业的缺陷就是合伙人承担无限义务，且对外互相承担连带义务。
Compared with multi-shareholder companies, the establishment of partnership enterprises is not complicated, and there are more chips that can be used for collaborative investment between partners, which can better absorb entrepreneurship partners. For example, management experience, technological advantages, human resources, customer orders and so on can be used as soft resources investment, and these soft investments in the establishment of corporate enterprises are not easy to evaluate equity, difficult to reflect in the financial statements, but in partnerships, it is very useful to deal with, as long as the partnership agreement between partners, there is no legal obstacle. However, the drawback of partnership is that partners assume unlimited obligations and joint and several obligations to each other.
个人独资企业
Sole proprietorship
个人独资企业是介于个体工商户和一人制公司之间的组织形态。相比于个体工商户而言，在市场上有更好的信誉保证；相比于公司制
A sole proprietorship enterprise is an organizational form between an individual industrial and commercial household and a one-person company. Compared with individual businesses, they have better reputation guarantee in the market; compared with the company system.
个体工商户
Individual businessmen and businessmen
个体工商户是小基本的经济形态了，注销简单，没有严厉的管理限制，运营和决策灵活，管理本钱低。但是难以在市场中得到认同，特别是大的商品买卖和商业谈判场所，且以个人和家庭财富承担无限义务。创业初期可以个体工商户的形态运营，树立起技术和产品的内核，待技术或产品在市场上成熟时，再经过设立公司制企业来展开已有的商业方式。
Individual industrial and commercial households are the smallest and most basic economic form. The cancellation is simple, there are no strict management restrictions, flexible operation and decision-making, and low management cost. However, it is difficult to be recognized in the market, especially in large commodity trading and business negotiation venues, and assume unlimited obligations with personal and family wealth. In the early stage of entrepreneurship, individual business households can operate in the form of technology and products. When technology or products are mature in the market, they can start their existing business mode by setting up a company-based enterprise.
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